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+--- الموضوع: الإلحاد والعقل والعلم (/showthread.php?tid=18058)
الإلحاد والعقل والعلم - حسن سلمان - 05-19-2006
اقتباس:اما عدم معرفتك بعلم مدرسة الكلام فهذه مصيبة اخرى
لو شئت لشرحت لك كتاب "الإشارات والتنبيهات" لإبن سينا أجدع من الطوسي نفسه
الإلحاد والعقل والعلم - The Godfather - 05-19-2006
يعجبني الشخص المثقف الواثق من علمه
للاسف انا لا اطيق العلوم الدينية ولا قرائتها واعشق العلوم الطبية واحب الكتب اما الفلكية او الطبية عن جسد الانسان ووظائفه لان هذا ايضا تخصصي والذي حببني في المواضيع هذه اكثر
ومع ذلك لدي معرفة بالعلوم الفلكية والتطور وتقريبا معظم حجج المؤمنين ضد الالحاد اعرفها وسمعتها
ومدرسة الكلام هي اول المدارس الفلسفية الاسلامية ويستخدم حججها بعض المسيحيين الجدد في اثبات وجود الله على اعتبار ان البغ بانغ هو اثبات بداية الكون
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/b...ramey/kalam.htm
سالصق لك البعض من حجة الكلام الفلسفية ولكنه بالانكليزية وعليك الترجمة والفهم
The cosmological argument for God's existence began with Plato and ever since has been defended--and attacked--by many of the greatest philosophers in history. Most people know the argument only its Thomistic or Leibnizian form, but a lesser-known Arabic version of it has received recent attention from scholars since the 1979 publication of The Kalam Cosmological Argument by philosopher William Lane Craig. Most of what follows comes from Craig's defense of the argument, though I will use my own words and sometimes my own examples and comments.
The kalam argument has its roots in medieval Arabic philosophy and theology. The Arabic word kalam means "speech," but more broadly it means "natural theology" or "philosophical theism" (Craig, Kalam, 4). The distinctive feature of kalam-style cosmology is its stress on the impossibility of the actual infinite. Put simply, kalam arguments try to demonstrate (1) that the existence of an actual infinite (a concept from modern set theory to be discussed shortly) is impossible and (2) that even if it were possible, the universe itself is not actually infinite and hence must have had a beginning.
Here is an outline of the argument:
1. The universe either had (a) a beginning or (b) no beginning.
2. If it had a beginning, the beginning was either (a) caused or (b) uncaused.
3. If it had a cause, the cause was either (a) personal or (b) not personal.
The KCA works by supporting the (a) option of each premise and then using it in the following premise. Hence the KCA is actually a series of connected arguments. To be successful each of these arguments must be logically valid and have true premises. Since the KCA is a series of arguments that take the form of a valid argument known as a disjunctive syllogism, the KCA's formal validity is beyond dispute. To be a sound argument, however, the KCA must have true premises, and thus the bulk of this presentation will attempt to support the premises.
Let's begin with (1): the universe either had a beginning or did not have a beginning. Craig offers three arguments in support of a universe with a beginning. Two are philosophical; one is scientific. Here is the first philosophical argument:
1. An actual infinite cannot exist.
2. A beginningless series of events in time is an actual infinite.
3. Therefore, a beginningless series of events in time cannot exist.
الإلحاد والعقل والعلم - حسن سلمان - 05-19-2006
اقتباس:تستند حجة مدرسة الكلام في اثبات الله للتالي
1-اي شيء له بداية لوجوده لا بد له من مسبب لوجوده
2-الكون له بداية لذلك:
3- الكون له مسبب لوجوده وهذا المسبب هو الله اذن:
4- الله موجود
بكل بساطة هذه الفلسفة مضروبة ومنتفية لان اساسها الاول وهو ان للكون بداية غير مثبت وغير صحيح
قارن بين كلامك على المتكلمين وبين الفرضيات الأصلية
اقتباس:Here is an outline of the argument:
1. The universe either had (a) a beginning or (b) no beginning.
2. If it had a beginning, the beginning was either (a) caused or (b) uncaused.
3. If it had a cause, the cause was either (a) personal or (b) not personal.
بل ويقدم جحيته على وجود بداية للعالم باستحالة تسلسل العلل ويبرهن على استحالة تسلسلها في الآتي
- اللانهاية غير موجودة
- العلل المتسلسلة لا نهاية
- استحالة تسلسل العلل
اقتباس:Let's begin with (1): the universe either had a beginning or did not have a beginning. Craig offers three arguments in support of a universe with a beginning. Two are philosophical; one is scientific. Here is the first philosophical argument:
1. An actual infinite cannot exist.
2. A beginningless series of events in time is an actual infinite.
3. Therefore, a beginningless series of events in time cannot exist.