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Warning [2] Undefined variable $newpmmsg - Line: 24 - File: global.php(958) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/global.php(958) : eval()'d code 24 errorHandler->error_callback
/global.php 958 eval
/showthread.php 28 require_once
Warning [2] Undefined variable $unreadreports - Line: 25 - File: global.php(961) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/global.php(961) : eval()'d code 25 errorHandler->error_callback
/global.php 961 eval
/showthread.php 28 require_once
Warning [2] Undefined variable $board_messages - Line: 28 - File: global.php(961) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/global.php(961) : eval()'d code 28 errorHandler->error_callback
/global.php 961 eval
/showthread.php 28 require_once
Warning [2] Undefined property: MyLanguage::$bottomlinks_returncontent - Line: 6 - File: global.php(1070) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/global.php(1070) : eval()'d code 6 errorHandler->error_callback
/global.php 1070 eval
/showthread.php 28 require_once
Warning [2] Undefined variable $jumpsel - Line: 5 - File: inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code 5 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions.php 3442 eval
/showthread.php 673 build_forum_jump
Warning [2] Trying to access array offset on value of type null - Line: 5 - File: inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code 5 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions.php 3442 eval
/showthread.php 673 build_forum_jump
Warning [2] Undefined property: MyLanguage::$forumjump_select - Line: 5 - File: inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions.php(3442) : eval()'d code 5 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions.php 3442 eval
/showthread.php 673 build_forum_jump
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
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/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
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/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
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Warning [2] Undefined variable $avatar_width_height - Line: 2 - File: inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumptyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumtyls" - Line: 602 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "posttime" - Line: 33 - File: inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/functions_post.php(947) : eval()'d code 33 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/functions_post.php(344) : eval()'d code 2 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/functions_post.php 344 eval
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
Warning [2] Undefined array key "tyl_unumrcvtyls" - Line: 601 - File: inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php PHP 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.19 (Linux)
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
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/inc/class_error.php 153 errorHandler->error
/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 601 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
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/inc/plugins/thankyoulike.php 602 errorHandler->error_callback
/inc/class_plugins.php 142 thankyoulike_postbit
/inc/functions_post.php 898 pluginSystem->run_hooks
/showthread.php 1121 build_postbit
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/inc/functions_post.php 947 eval
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{myadvertisements[zone_1]}
موضوع مغلق 
حديث الذبابة إعجاز علمي موثق من المجلات العلمية الأجنبية
مسلم سلفي غير متصل
عضو رائد
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المشاركات: 812
الانضمام: Sep 2004
مشاركة: #1
حديث الذبابة إعجاز علمي موثق من المجلات العلمية الأجنبية
الله أكبر....ولله الحمد
لن أتكلم كثيرا .....أقرأوا
Humble fly may be super bug's match
The advertising jingle has Louie the fly singing "I'm bad and mean and mighty unclean".

Being dirty is hardly surprising, given where flies hang out. But what do flies have that stops them from being overrun by infections?

This thought occurred to PhD student Joanne Clarke and her colleagues at the Department of Biological Sciences at Macquarie University, as they discussed where the next generation of antibiotics might come from.

"Most antibiotics were originally isolated from bacteria," Clarke said. "But we've pretty much exhausted these."

As Clarke and her supervisors, Professor Andrew Beattie and Associate Professor Michael Gillings, said in Australasian Science magazine: "Microbes that produce an antibiotic may not be sensitive to that particular antibiotic, otherwise they would kill themselves.


"Consequently it seems likely that for every antibiotic produced [from bacteria], there is at least one natural mechanism of resistance."

And that's the big problem. Bacteria are increasingly resistant to the present range of antibiotics, the so-called "super bugs".

The idea of looking to insects for new ones is that the bacteria which cause us so many problems won't have the genes to resist them, yet.

Insects are a likely source of antimicrobials not only because of where they live, but how they live. For example, in the close confines of a hive, one sick individual could wipe out the entire colony if there wasn't some way of controlling the spread of disease.

Clarke studied insects from "pretty yucky" environments.

"I looked at the sheep blowfly, the common housefly and the vinegar fly," she said. "I used the Queensland fruit fly as a control because it lays its eggs in fresh fruit."

Clarke tested material extracted from the flies on four microbes: candida yeast, E.coli, golden staph and a common soil bacterium, all of which are known to cause infections in humans.

Clarke found that adults from each test species of fly produced something which prevented all the different microbes from growing.

"I also looked at the different life stages of the flies," she said. "I predicted there wouldn't be much expression of antibiotics in pupae because they have a protective casing - they're not feeding and don't come into contact with other flies - and, in general, that's what I found."

The logical next step would be to isolate and identify the chemicals in the fly extract. But, as is increasingly the case in science, the path is not going to be smooth.

"Although industry very generously funded my PhD project for three years, they chose not to renew the funding," Clarke said. "Unless someone else funds the research, it stops at this point."


This story was found at: http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003...2591671953.html


============
The new buzz on antibiotics

The surface of flies is the last place you would expect to find antibiotics, yet that is exactly where a team of Australian researchers is concentrating their efforts.

Working on the theory that flies must have remarkable antimicrobial defences to survive rotting dung, meat and fruit, the team at the Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, set out to identify those antibacterial properties manifesting at different stages of a fly’s development.

"Our research is a small part of a global research effort for new antibiotics, but we are looking where we believe no-one has looked before,” said Ms Joanne Clarke, who presented the group’s findings at the Australian Society for Microbiology Conference in Melbourne this week. The project is part of her PhD thesis.

The scientists tested four different species of fly: a house fly, a sheep blowfly, a vinegar fruit fly and the control, a Queensland fruit fly which lays its eggs in fresh fruit. These larvae do not need as much antibacterial compound because they do not come into contact with as much bacteria.

Flies go through the life stages of larvae and pupae before becoming adults. In the pupae stage, the fly is encased in a protective casing and does not feed. "We predicted they would not produce many antibiotics," said Ms Clarke.

They did not. However the larvae all showed antibacterial properties (except that of the Queensland fruit fly control).

As did all the adult fly species, including the Queensland fruit fly (which at this point requires antibacterial protection because it has contact with other flies and is mobile).

Such properties were present on the fly surface in all four species, although antibacterial properties occur in the gut as well. "You find activity in both places," said Ms Clarke.

"The reason we concentrated on the surface is because it is a simpler extraction.”

The antibiotic material is extracted by drowning the flies in ethanol, then running the mixture through a filter to obtain the crude extract.

When this was placed in a solution with various bacteria including E.coli, Golden Staph, Candida (a yeast) and a common hospital pathogen, antibiotic action was observed every time.

"We are now trying to identify the specific antibacterial compounds," said Ms Clarke. Ultimately these will be chemically synthesised.

Because the compounds are not from bacteria, any genes conferring resistance to them may not be as easily transferred into pathogens. It is hoped this new form of antibiotics will have a longer effective therapeutic life.

المصادر
http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s689400.htm
http://www.smh.com.au/cgi-bin/commo...2591671953.html


فليسمع الكفرة الذين يطعنون في الحديث ليل نهار
فليسمع الشيعة الذين يطعنون بأبي هريرة رضى الله عنه راوي الحديث...

و اظن أن الأبحاث مستمرة لكي يصلوا إلى معنى الحديث بالحرف...

والحمد لله الغرب الكفرة ينصرون ديننا وهم لا يدرون..

الله المستعان



منقول من منتدي بن مريم
http://www.ebnmaryam.com/vb/showthread.php?t=4190
11-28-2005, 04:49 PM
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حديث الذبابة إعجاز علمي موثق من المجلات العلمية الأجنبية
هذه أول مشاركة لي في النادي
يسـعـدني أنني مازلت استكشف الأعضاء وأقرأ ما يكتبون قبل المشاركة بأفكاري الخاصة
أنا أقرأ الانكليزية بشكل جيد جداً ولكنني أستغرب لماذا تطرح مواضيع بهذا الطول بلغة أجنبية
أرجوك أن تكلف نفسك عناء ترجمة ملخص عن موضوعك أو سوف ترهقنا بالكتابة بالانكليزية
11-28-2005, 04:58 PM
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حديث الذبابة إعجاز علمي موثق من المجلات العلمية الأجنبية
لاحول و لا قوة الا بالعقل

البحث يقول ان الحشرات لها مميزات تحميها من التاثر بالبكتيريا وانتقال العدوى ويبحث في الاستفاد من هذه الخواص

ولم يذكر اي شي عن وجود جناح مصاب وجناح فيه دواء بل ان سطح الذبابة كاملا ومعدتها ايضا حسب البحث تحتوي على مضادات

ولم يقل هذا البحث انك تذهب وتغمس الذبابة كلها فيحصل لك علاج او ان تغمس الجناح الثاني في الصحن مثلا لان الجناحان نفس الشيء

لا فرق بين جناح وجناح

والحديث غلط اذ انه اشار الى ان هناك جناح فيه داء والاخر دواء

وهذا غلط طبعا اذ ان سطح الذبابة كما يقول هذا البحث اعلاه كله مغطى بما يحمي الذبابة فقط من العدوى ولا يحمي الانسان بمجرد اكل الذبابة التي قد تنقل له امراض خطيرة جدا سواء جناحها او كلها

فقد لا تؤثر الميكروبات على الذبابة لكن قد تؤثر على الانسان

لذلك تجد العلماء هنا فيا لبحث يسعون لاستخلاص هذه الخواص والاستفادة منها لعلاج الانسان وذلك طبعا ليس عن طريق اكل جناح ذبابة او غمسها

ثم البحث يا عزيزي اشار بان هذه الخواص موجودة ليست فقط في الذباب بل حشرات اخرى ايضا





الامراض المنقولة من قبل الذباب


The most important pathogens transmitted by the biting fly in Canada are the arboviruses (arbo from arthropod borne). Canadian arboviruses are primarily pathogens of wild mammals and birds and their occurrence in man and livestock is sporadic, that is to say, only when populations of the vector mosquito rise to abnormally high levels. Four of these arboviruses, transmitted biologically by mosquitoes, cause encephalitis in man. Western equine encephalitis (WEE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) affect horses as well as man, whereas St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and the snowshoe hare (SSH) strain of the California group of viruses affect man but not livestock. Another strain of the California group, Powassen virus, is transmitted by ticks. Most persons contracting any of these viral infections will not suffer any serious effects, and may not be aware that they have the infection (blood tests taken after epidemics have shown that hundreds of people had the disease but did not report its for every person who was hospitalized).



http://res2.agr.gc.ca/ecorc/diptera/bf06-dp06_e.htm
11-28-2005, 05:35 PM
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اقتباس:  ناديا   كتب/كتبت  
هذه أول مشاركة لي في النادي
يسـعـدني أنني مازلت استكشف الأعضاء وأقرأ ما يكتبون قبل المشاركة بأفكاري الخاصة
أنا أقرأ الانكليزية بشكل جيد جداً ولكنني أستغرب لماذا تطرح مواضيع بهذا الطول بلغة أجنبية
أرجوك أن تكلف نفسك عناء ترجمة ملخص عن موضوعك أو سوف ترهقنا بالكتابة بالانكليزية

كيف اشتركت في هذا الشهر وخاصية التسجيل معطلة .

شكرا لك (f)
11-28-2005, 07:10 PM
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هل هذا الدين هش الى درجة أستخدام الدجل العلمى لنصرته ؟
11-28-2005, 10:01 PM
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Unregistered

 
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لا يا هاندى الاسلام متين جدا
الدين الهش هو الذى يتبع اسلوب الدجل العقلى لاثبات فرضياته الغير معقولة
11-28-2005, 11:13 PM
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حديث الذبابة إعجاز علمي موثق من المجلات العلمية الأجنبية
اقتباس:ولم يذكر اي شي عن وجود جناح مصاب وجناح فيه دواء بل ان سطح الذبابة كاملا ومعدتها ايضا حسب البحث تحتوي على مضادات
البحث مستمر يا زمل
ماذا لو أثبتوا أن أحد الاجنحة يحتوي على سطحة مضادات أكثر من الجناح الآخر :what: ؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟
اقتباس:ولم يقل هذا البحث انك تذهب وتغمس الذبابة كلها فيحصل لك علاج او ان تغمس الجناح الثاني في الصحن مثلا لان الجناحان نفس الشيء
العجيب واللطيف واللذيذ في البحث أن الباحثين غمسوا الذباب في كحول لكي يحصلوا على المضادات :lol: :lol: :lol:

The antibiotic material is extracted by drowning the flies in ethanol, then running the mixture through a filter to obtain the crude extract.

When this was placed in a solution with various bacteria including E.coli, Golden Staph, Candida (a yeast) and a common hospital pathogen, antibiotic action was observed every time.

ايه رأيك بقى !!!!!!!!!!!

تحياتي
11-28-2005, 11:49 PM
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غمسوها في الكحول فقط واين تكلمة الجملة ؟؟

اين تكلمة الجملة حين قالوا يغمسوها ثم تحدث فلترة لاستخلاص الناتج



هل قال رسولك اغمسوها في الكحول وفلتروها
ثم استعملوا ؟؟؟

ام قال اغمسوها كلها بلا تنظيف ؟؟

الا تعلم ان الذبابة هذه قد تكون جالسة على مخلفات انسان قبل ان تاتي في صحنك ؟؟؟

هل هذا عقل ان تغمس وساخة في طعامك ؟؟؟


هل فعلها احد هنا ؟؟؟؟ حتى المسلمين لا يقدرون على ذلك


11-29-2005, 02:30 AM
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اقتباس:غمسوها في الكحول فقط واين تكلمة الجملة ؟؟

اين تكلمة الجملة حين قالوا يغمسوها ثم تحدث فلترة لاستخلاص الناتج
ركز الله يخليك
then running the mixture through a filter to obtain the crude extract
الفلتر دة مش بينقي يا زمل ... يجمع فقط
يجمع المادة الخام بكل ما فيها
وبعد ذلك وضعوا الخليط على البكتريا المذكورة فاظهر نشاط مضاد لها
اقتباس:هل فعلها احد هنا ؟؟؟؟ حتى المسلمين لا يقدرون على ذلك
اقسم بالله العظيم أني فعلتها
ولا أزال بكامل الصحة

تحياتي
11-29-2005, 02:46 AM
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يا سيف المسلول الكحول وظيفتها قتل الجراثيم

وهذا سبب مزجها اولا

ثم الفلتر الاولى وجمع المادة الخام

المبدأ هو التنقية وقتل الجراثيم قبل استخلاص الدواء وليس غمس الذبابة هكذا

11-29-2005, 05:28 AM
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