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Ingersoll was on the right track. But his oration needs some clarification. Cyrenius was indeed an important Roman official in the time of Augustus. His name was really Quirinius, which became Kyrinios in Greek, and Cyrenius in English. (The RSV bible has corrected his name back to Quirinius.) He was in charge of Roman military matters in Syria, which placed him over the legions in Judea as well, on 2 different occasions: 6-4 BCE and 6-9 CE. Apparently this information was unknown to Ingersoll, who claims Cyrenius did not come into power until ten years after the death of Herod the Great. What Ingersoll is speaking of is Cyrenius' second term.

No Christian scholar contends that Jesus was born as late as 6-9 CE. The consensus among Christian Scholars is that he was born in 4 BCE, during Cyrenius' first term. And all Christian scholars, even Fundamentalists, agree that Cyrenius was governor twice.
According to Josephus, there was a census taken for the purpose of assessing a special tax initiated during Cyrenius' second administration. During this time, Herod Archelaus (son of Herod the Great) had been deposed as ethnarch, and Judea had come under direct Roman rule-- it became a "procuratorial province" with its capital at Caesarea and Caponius as procurator. This we know as fact.

http://freethought.mbdojo.com/herod.html

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http://bible.crosswalk.com/Dictionaries/Ea...cgi?number=T953


the Grecized form of Quirinus. His full name was Publius Sulpicius Quirinus. Recent historical investigation has proved that Quirinus was governor of Cilicia, which was annexed to Syria at the time of our Lord's birth. Cilicia, which he ruled, being a province of Syria, he is called the governor, which he was de jure, of Syria. Some ten years afterwards he was appointed governor of Syria for the second time. During his tenure of office, at the time of our Lord's birth (Luke 2:2), a "taxing" (RSV, "enrolment;" i.e., a registration) of the people was "first made;" i.e., was made for the first time under his government.


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(Luke 2:2; RSV, "enrolment"), "when Cyrenius was governor of Syria," is simply a census of the people, or an enrolment of them with a view to their taxation. The decree for the enrolment was the occasion of Joseph and Mary's going up to Bethlehem. It has been argued by some that Cyrenius (q.v.) was governor of Cilicia and Syria both at the time of our Lord's birth and some years afterwards. This decree for the taxing referred to the whole Roman world, and not to Judea alone.

http://bible.crosswalk.com/Dictionaries/Ea...gi?number=T3595

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